moms crazy or heartless?
happens very rarely but it happens that a mother can uccidere il suo bambino, il fatto esce in cronaca e scatena una psicosi collettiva. Colpire un essere innocente e indifeso è già di per sé inaccettabile per la nostra civiltà, che poi a compiere il gesto sia la stessa madre, colei che per definizione dovrebbe invece prendersene cura, risulta anche totalmente incomprensibile. Per capire, allora, e soprattutto per allontanare il timore che a un omicidio così efferato possa di punto in bianco risolversi qualsiasi mamma, si ricorre immediatamente alla patologia psichiatrica. Medici, avvocati e giornalisti cominciano a scavare nella vita dell’omicida per scoprire il seme della follia, tutti convinti che una grave malattia mentale sia contemporaneamente causa, movente e attenuante di un simile gesture. The combination of violence / psychosis is comforting to the conscience of the citizen "normal" but may represent a murderess for easy use of non-punishment, and the patient an unfair infringement of guilt. Professor Isabella Merzagora Betsos, director of the Postgraduate School of Clinical Criminology, in this interview will help us to understand what is the boundary between the fit of madness by a desire to kill, and what the relationship between normality and awareness of their actions.
The violence, however it is agitated within the family is something that not only deeply offend human rights and the criminal code but also la fiducia nei primissimi rapporti affettivi che ciascuno di noi instaura. Ecco allora che il giudizio popolare vuole riconoscere in questi atti la mano della follia, è davvero così?
Dipende da caso a caso: spesso, ma non sempre, certi comportamenti nascono e si alimentano in un clima “ammalato” da condizioni socio-economiche disagiate, dipendenza da alcol o droga, rapporti conflittuali. Non siamo di fronte ad una patologia psichiatrica ma è l’ambiente familiare e le sue dinamiche interne che sono patologici, in queste condizioni possono trovare spazio abusi, maltrattamenti, violenze psichiche e fisiche fino all’omicidio. In taluni casi, invece, una grave forma di depressione è all’origine di un gesto fatale, è ciò che si verifica quando uno dei genitori è talmente disperato da vedere come unica via di uscita la morte. Nella sua mente malata non vede futuro nemmeno per i suoi figli (o fratelli, moglie, parenti, conviventi) tanto da ucciderli, per sottrarli al mondo e ad un destino infelice, prima di suicidarsi. In termini criminologici questi atti sono definiti “omicidio pietatis causa” o “suicidio allargato”, psicologicamente sono dettati da eccesso di amore e protezione verso i propri cari.
Quindi il collegamento tra follia e violenza non è affatto scontato. Eppure, quando una madre causa la morte del proprio bambino, il ricorso alla perizia psichiatrica è quasi immediato.
Aggression, violence, hatred are part of the human soul, are instincts that man has learned to hold thanks to the progressive civilization of the society in which he lives, but I'm not sure sign of illness. What makes the difference is the cultural climate in which occurrence of the event: the filicide in the West today is looked upon with horror and dismay, in other times and other cultures was and is still perceived with less gravità.In general, we say that the neonaticide is equally committed to healthy mothers or mental disorder, and history of these crimes is confirmed. The purpose of the medical report is to clarify whether the subject was able to understand or want at the time he committed the crime and in relation to fact, or if he realized what he was doing. The presence of a mental illness, including severe, but adequately, does not imply the non-consciousness and responsibility for their actions vice versa a psychosis neglected and lived in poor conditions can cause the patient commits acts of violence, against himself or against others.
right, it is clear how important the family environment and social context is to contain the madness and aggression, but you also talk to mothers "healthy." When there are no obvious problems, how can a mother kill her own child?
Meanwhile we would keep a premise maternal instinct, that so many take for innate in every woman. Humans are not animals have feelings and instincts, but common sense, people who commit murder, in fact, does not kill for their own survival or that of his species. Man acts according to what he has learned why they have been taught, his actions are culturally determined, then we can expect that there is a maternal feeling, more or less marked depending on the subject, but nothing more. As for infanticide in the absence of psychiatric history, it may fall into one of three different dynamics typical women: Medea, Munchausen by proxy and denial of pregnancy. Finally, it must also remember that when it comes to psychological disorders or suffering in relationships, the family is always the last to know and often refuses even to recognize and address these hardships for not questioning. This concept will be clearer from the description of the syndromes mentioned.
Let's start with the story of Medea is one of the myths of ancient Greek literature, is not too far from us?
The theme is very old, probably dates from the sixth century BC, and if they know so many versions, slightly different from each other, reported by several authors, but what is interesting is Note that it is still relevant. Medea suppresses their children to take revenge on the spouse, to make him suffer, hatred of the partners is then directed to his son, who is actually the fruit of the union and also a less formidable opponent of the partners is an archetype of stesso.Medea Women in conflict with her husband, the reasons for the conflict may be varied: jealousy, envy, pride, being neglected, but the outcome is always the transformation of love into hatred towards one's spouse. After this color change of feelings, the child becomes an instrument to create or attract attention from the suffering of one who is the true object of hostility mother. A partial confirmation, these acts are often committed after a triggering event, perhaps yet another argument with his spouse.
Munchausen syndrome by proxy, by contrast, appears much more recent times ...
Yes, we could say that is the modern version of filicide, made possible by the wide availability of diagnostic and therapeutic tools, a paradox because the very Principals were born to ensure the health eventually become harmful or deadly weapons. First things first: The term "Munchausen syndrome" appears for the first time in 1951 to describe those people who turn persistently and unsuccessfully to doctors and hospitals, referring to continue as non-existent problems, to bring harmful consequences from repeated investigations or even from multiple surgeries. Application to the sad children came nearly 20 years later with the definition of Meadow (1977) of "Munchausen syndrome by proxy" means a situation in which parents, or inventing symptoms and signs that their children do not have, or cause symptoms and disorders (for example by administering harmful substances), expose them to a series of tests, examinations, actions that end up hurt or even kill them. Typically the victim is a young child and the responsibility of the mother, the person entrusted with the care of the child and that, questo, si trova nella posizione migliore per simularne la malattia. Si ritiene che la motivazione di tale comportamento sia il bisogno psicologico di assumere, per interposta persona, il ruolo di malato.Questo fenomeno è sempre più diffuso o, probabilmente, più osservato da quando lo si è riconosciuto come eccesso d’amore che cade nella perversione. Contrariamente a quanto si penserebbe, infatti, queste madri sono sollecite, premurose, costantemente presenti e molto attente nel prendersi cura della salute dei figli. Agli occhi di tutti hanno un comportamento esemplare, inoltre sono amichevoli, cordiali, collaboranti e riconoscenti con il personale di assistenza, tutti atteggiamenti che, uniti ad ansia e insistenza, incoraggiano i medici to deepen the investigation and distract even the suspicion that it may consist of mothers, however, the insidiously abuse children.
Denial of pregnancy: even here, despite no lack of news stories about it, it seems most of us as absurd that we can not hide a pregnancy.
course because the symptoms of pregnancy are evident, even for those who never had children, but in light of certain events must be recognized that it is not always the case. Let me explain by analogy to the known phenomenon of hysterical pregnancy (pseudociesi), in which a desire mental conditions the body so as to cause the typical manifestations of pregnancy, There is also the opposite phenomenon, namely the psychological denial of pregnancy. The need to deny may be so intense as to affect the biological events, so many of the symptoms may be absent, in addition to the woman resorts to rationalization as a defense mechanism, to explain in any other way but warns that the physical symptoms. The discovery of pregnancy can occur accidentally, for example after an X-ray ordered because the patient complains of back pain, denial, or may cover the entire period of gestation until delivery. In the latter case, childbirth often takes place in a toilet, as the mother is seized by a sudden unexplained abdominal pain, and is characterized by a very rapid period of expulsion. Arrangements so unorthodox with the fact that birth is an unexpected event, to understand how the mother can be overwhelmed by an emotional confusion that prevents her from providing proper care to the newborn, to cause death.
A conclusion and to reassure every mother, it is worth remembering that the situations described here are extremely rare, Professor true?
Firstly there are very few murders of women: the statistics clearly show that the killers are almost always young men, it seems only right to emphasize accuracy and completeness of the information. The case study concerns women, nella maggior parte dei casi, il figlicidio, tuttavia i profili descritti sono solo alcuni di quelli possibili. Diciamo che nel contesto di questa intervista si sono approfonditi i casi più “spinosi”, quelli che sono più difficili da prevedere, scoprire e comprendere. Nulla toglie, però, che situazioni di disagio familiare, o della figura materna, si risolvano con il passare del tempo, con la richiesta di aiuto medico o, comunque, persistano senza mai degenerare nel delitto. In parole molto semplici ciascuno di noi ha le sue stranezze e i suoi problemi, senza per questo essere un omicida potenziale.
Elisa Lucchesini
Fonti "Mothers who kill" Professor Isabella Merzagora Betsos SOPSI VII National Congress (Rome, February 2002)
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